Current status and problems of orthopaedic residents in Thailand and Myanmar.

Background: There is no research about current experiences of orthopaedic residents in Thailand and Myanmar. Methods: A questionnaire survey was distributed among Thai and Myanmar orthopaedic residents to assess their current experiences. This study included a total of 168 participants, comprising 92 orthopaedic residents in Thailand, and 76 in Myanmar who answered the questionnaire. The survey comprised nine questions about issues such as the contents of residency training programs, current training satisfaction, and future careers. The survey was administered anonymously between October 2020 and January 2021. Results: Regarding training content, 24 residents (14.3%) reported being "very satisfied", 103  (61.3%) were "satisfied", 37 (22.0%) were "moderately satisfied", and four (2.4%) were "dissatisfied", and respondents spent a mean of 3.1 h/day reading textbooks and research papers. As for salary, five (3.0%) residents answered "satisfied", 46 (27.4%) responded "moderately satisfied", and 117 (69.6%) were "dissatisfied". Conclusions: Many orthopedic residents in Thailand and Myanmar were enthusiastic about and satisfied with their training. Their only problem was that the salary was low.

Modified Borggreve-Van Nes-Winkelmann rotationplasty for surgery in developing countries.

BACKGROUND: Amputation is still the most common therapy for patients suffering from osteosarcoma in Myanmar, despite the fact that limb salvage surgery e.g. Borggreve-Van Nes-Winkelmann rotationplasty for malignant tumors located within the distal femur or proximal tibia is the current state-of-the-art reconstructive procedure. A safe and reliable operation technique is crucial in order to perform a complex surgical procedure like the rotationplasty in lower-middle income economies with limited infrastructure and resources. The authors present seven cases of patients with osteosarcomas that received a Borggreve-Van Nes-Winkelmann rotationplasty with an evaluation of the procedures focusing on safety and sustainability. METHODS: From 2019 until 2020, seven young patients with osteosarcomas of the distal femur or proximal tibia were treated with Borggreve-Van Nes-Winkelmann rotationplasties in the Orthopaedic Hospital in Mandalay, Myanmar. As modification of the standard procedure the dissection and subsequent clamping of the femoral artery in order to minimize blood loss as well as the formation of an adipocutaneous flap that minimizes swelling and decreases the pressure on the vessels were successfully performed. This modified procedure resembles a safe and simplified surgical technique that is feasible under the circumstances of lower-middle income economies with good outcomes. RESULTS: All patients showed good functional and aesthetic results. One of the seven patients needed secondary wound closure due to wound dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS: A simplified and safe operation technique for the performance of the Van Nes-Borggreve rotationplasty was adapted to the given constraints in lower-middle income economies and proved to be successful. Trial registration All patients approved to participate in the study and have given consent to publication.

A survey of workplace violence against physicians in the hospitals, Myanmar.

OBJECTIVE: Workplace violence in hospitals is recently becoming a major global concern in many countries. However, in Myanmar, we have felt that patients and their families have rarely made unreasonable complaints in hospitals, and then, the purpose of this study is to report the current state of workplace violence in hospitals in Myanmar. Participants are 196 physicians (108 males and 88 females) in hospitals in Myanmar. RESULTS: A descriptive survey was conducted in regard to verbal abuse and physical violence from patients or the people concerned. At the results of this study, the percentages of physicians who have encountered verbal abuse and those who have encountered physical violence are markedly low (8.7 and 1.0%, respectively). The present study is the first to report the frequencies of verbal abuse and physical violence against physicians in a least developed country, and the results of the present study are important in terms of discussing workplace violence in hospitals.